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“Most of the innovations we believe are emblematic of a boldly innovative private sector—Silicon Valley, artificial intelligence, electric or autonomous vehicles, spacecraft—are the result of government investment, stimulus, even regulation.”
https://issues.org/government-innovators-scientist-bureaucrats-aviles-forum/ by @cyberlyra
@natematias built on the shoulders of basic scientific research: “Does innovation always come from science?”
<https://www.nature.com/articles/527011f>
@peterrenshaw @natematias I didn't get through the first paragraph: "Pure science does not always stimulate innovation...". Of course it doesn't! If it did, companies would be desperate to invest. I don't think innovation is what they think it is either. It's the fact that pure research is risky speculation that makes 'state interference' in capitalism important. When it works, it's creation. That's the time for commercial organisations to innovate on the new idea, make big profits and pay tax.
@woo @peterrenshaw hi Andy, thanks for the note. You might be interested to know that the author is one of the leading scholars studying NASA and its impact. If it’s not to your tastes or you don’t want to go deep, fair enough. Life is short, and opening paragraphs exist to save people time!
If you do want to read more of Janet’s work, you will find it a helpful gateway to decades of scholarly literature on these questions.
♬ 
@peterrenshaw@ioc.exchange@natematias “the author is one of the leading scholars studying NASA and its impact”
One of the reasons I post articles from Nature, informed opinion & discussion by SMEs cc @woo
Using WiFi? 
A simple example of basic science as a building block to Engineering and products? Australian John O’Sullivan using FFT to solve the problem of black hole signals arriving out of sync. WLAN was developed by O’Sullivan, Percival, Deane, Daniels, Ostry (#CSIRO) used this FT mathematics to break radio signals into ‘constituent frequencies’ and then re-assemble them. #WLAN was patented in ‘96, CSIRO now have multiple licensed patent users of the WiFi technology includes HP, Verizon Wireless, T-Mobile USA and AT&T.
<https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/wi-fi> / <https://www.csiro.au/en/research/technology-space/it/wireless-lan>
@peterrenshaw Sorry, I don't understand the point of your WiFi example, unless you think I said pure science doesn't lead to products. The "always" was key. I think network protocols being based on a patented product is a great example of public funding having failed to create an open standard. The DoD funding TCP/IP development was probably the greatest gift the war machine ever gave to humanity. :-)